Emile andreoli



(No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 1.

E. ANDREOLI. APPARATUS FOB, PRODUCING OZUNE BY BLBTRIGITY.

Patented Jan. 9, 1894.

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' 2 Sheets-Shet 2. E. ANDREOLI.

. Patented Jan. 9, 1894.

INVENTOR ATTOR N EY (No Model.)

APPARATUS PoR PRODUGI'NG ozoNE BY BLEGTRIGITYJ. No. 512,265.

WITNESSES: A a

J UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EMILE ANDREOLI, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

APPARATUSrFOR PRODUCING OZONE BY ELECTRICITY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 512,265, dated January9, 1894.

Application led August 25,1892. Serial No. 444,064. (No model.) Patentedin England October 13, 1891, No. 17,426, and May 20,1892,No. 9,631; inFrance April14, 1892, Nos. 207,706 and 207,707, and May 23,1892,1To.y208,6514i in Belgium June 2, 1892, No. 75,564, and in GermanyJune 10, 1892,170. 13,954.

To all whom it may concern,.-

Beit known that I, EMILE ANDREOLI, a citizen of France, residing atBrixton, London, in the county of Surrey and Kingdom of Great Britain,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus forProducing Ozone by Electricity, of which the following is a full, clear,and exact description, and patented in the following countries: GreatBritain October 13, 1891,. No. 17,426, and May 20, 1892, No. 9,631;France April 14, .1892, Nos. 207,706 and 207,707, and May 23, 1892, No.208,654; Belgium June 2, 1892, No. 75,564, and Germany June 10, 1892,No. 13,954.

This invention relates to the production'of ozone by electrifying oxygenor atmospheric air in an apparatus which enables me to produce, in acheaper and simpler manner than has been done heretofore, ozone forcommercial uses such as bleaching paper pulp or bers, yarns, tissues,treating oils, liquids, and organic and inorganic substances orapplyingto therapeutic or hygienic purposes.

Briefly described, my invention consists in effecting silent dischargesby aid of point bearing electrodes, separated from the electrodes of theopposite pole by a layer of dielectric placed close to the points.

Heretofore in ozone producing apparatus, the points of the electrodestouch the dielectric, while in my apparatus, the points are only closeto the dielectric which increases the action of the effluvia. Where thepoints touch the dielectric, the glow which appears on the points, dueto the silent discharges, produces a greater rise in temperature.

In the forms of my invention where the ozonizers are open, hardly anyheat is developed.

In the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of referenceindicate like parts,

` Figure 1, indicates one form in which my invention is employed,showing a series of plates with points and dielectrics inclosed in acasing. Figs. 2 and 3 are detail views showing detail constructions inwhich the points are arranged close to a single plate or dielectric.Fig. 4 is another form or arrangement of the invention in a closed box.Fig. 5 is a form to be used as an inhaler. Fig. 6 is a cylindrical form,termed the hedgehog type. Figs. 7, 8, and 9 represent other forms.

In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 shows a closed box A, made ofmarble or other suitable non-condncting material or of wood internallycoated with pitch, or lined with glass or other convenientnon-conducting material, not acted upon by ozone. Inthis box are shownmounted three pairs of a seriesof platesE and G on an electric circuit,between which plates E G, a dielectric plate F of glass, mica or otherequivalent is situated. This box is provided with a false bottom B,which is pierced with manysmall holes to admit dry air or oxygen, to beforced at a convenient speed into the box, by a pump or injector,through a pipe C, for the purpose of being acted upon in its passagethrough the box, by the electric eftluvia generated therein. The platesE and G are respectively connected with the opposite poles of aninduction coil, or an alternating current dynamo, for the purpose ofproducing silent discharges into the air passing through the box. Theair thus submitted to the electric effluvia is more powerfully ozonizedthan if vinstead of points I used flat surfaces, or if instead of aninduction coil, an induence electric machine had been used. The ozonizedair escaping through the pipe D maybe conducted to some suitablereceptacle or utilized at once.

atmospheric air or oxygen, it is advisable to cool the air or oxygen,either by passing it# through a coil surrounded by ice and salt or otherrefrigerating compound or by cooling down the compartment below thefalse bottom B, or the whole box B to a low temperature; this can bedone by any known means.

The ozonized platesE G are made of tinned iron, copper aluminum or otherconvenient pairs will be connected with one terminal of metal or alloy,but especially tin or an alloy IOO a Ruhmkorll coil or of an alternatecurrent dynamo or some other convenient apparatus for producing highpotential electricity and the plates G of the series will be similarlyconnected with the other terminal of the same apparatus. When thecurrent flows through the receiving plate a phosphorescent glow, whichis the characteristic feature of the silent discharge, appears betweenall the points and to illumines the surface of the interposed dielectricplates F. This is accompanied by the strong peculiar smell of ozone.Through the walls of the ozonizer A, pass the wires a, which connect theplates with the source of elecr5'tricity, care being taken `that thewires are thoroughly insulated. Instead of having the plates arranged inthe ozonizer so as to have theirpoints opposite each other, I may have,as in Fig. 2, the points of one plate facing a plain zo plate, or as inFig. 3, facing balls or small disks, carried by a pinned plate. Thepoint bearing plates will be preferably made after the manner ofgill-bars and the pins may be protected from oxidation by a coating oftin,

z5 or the points for diffusing the electric discharge may be obtained bythe employment of wire brushes, composed of copper of other suitablematerial.

I do not confine myself to any size or shape 3o of electrodes; it mustalso be understood that I can dispose together any number of couples insuch electrodes. In all cases, I prefer tin among the cheap metals. p

Fig. 4 shows an ozonizer, which instead of working in the air, so thatthe ozone circulates and spreads out in the room, is in the form of arectangular box or tube made of glass or porcelain, or other insulatingmaterial. This ozonizer is fitted inside with a 4o plate b, bearingpoints on both sides, between two sheets of tin or tin-plate D',carefully tinned on the edges to prevent rust, the point bearing andflat electrodes being separated by a piece C of glass, mica, tbc.

gen which is forced into the apparatus; at the other end is an outlet cthrough which the.

air escapes after its oxygen has been ozonized while passing between thepoints and the di- 5o electric separating them from the oppositeelectrode under the influence of the electric effluvia. See Fig. 5. Thisform of apparatus may be used as an inhaler. Instead of having asdielectrics two sheets of glass iixed one 5 5 on each side of the doublepoint bearing electrode bet-Ween it and the two dat electrodes whichface it ongeither side, I may use enameled flat electrodes, that ismetallic plates perfectly coated with a sufficient layer of enamel 6o toavoid the formation of sparks. Enamel 4 and 5.

For the sake of saving labor and money,

At one end 45 of this ozonizer is an inletcfor the air or oxythenumerous points, pins, risc., which are fixed on the plates can beobtained by casting the point bearing electrodes in appropriate molds soas to have a plate of uniform thickness, the pins of the same length andsize having their. ends more or less sharp or blunt, or of an arrow,angular or triangular shape,or otherwise, as desired. Another way ofobtaining point bearing plates in an economical manner is to punch,stamp or emboss sheets of met-al by mechanical means in such a way thaton one side or on the two sides of the metal sheet angular portions of aconvenient length and shape will protrude or project and will workexactly as pins fixed by riveting or soldering on metal; the same resultmay be obtained by using strips shaped like fret saws or band saws fixedon a metal frame their toothed edges being parallel with and close to adielectric sheet with a plain plate as electrode on the other side ofit. Instead of such parallel plates, disposed at a convenient distancein aclosed box,I prefer in many cases to use cylindric ozonizers which Iconstruct in the following manner:

Fig. 6 shows a transverse section of a cylindrical ozonizer, of what Icall the hedgehog type. A is a metallic core, inserted in a glass orearthenware or other dielectric tube B; this core is thoroughly tinned,in order to prevent corrosion, and provided with a wire which isconnected to one of the poles of the source of electricity. The tube Bis hermetically closed at both its ends which must be coated withinsulating material. Instead of a tube or metallic core, I may have aniron or copper core, thickly coated with enamel and connected in thesame manner to one of the poles ofthe source of electricity. Around thistube containing a tin or tinned metal core, or round the enamel cylinderis the double point bearing plate E', rolled into the form of acylinder, which communicates by means of a wire cl with the other poleof the coil or dynamo. This porcupine cylinder is closely enveloped by ametal tube enameled inside and outside or by a glass or earthenware tubeC2 surrounded with a metallic cylinder C3 which is connected with thecore by means of a wire.

When I have to produce large quantities of ozone for commercial purposesor to ozonize the air of hospital wards, assembly halls, &c., I uselarge ozonizers of the hedgehog type packed together and suitablyconnected with the source of electricity, in an air tight tank.

The tank is made ot' insulating material, not

acted upon by ozone, and provided lwith an inlet and outlet pipe. Theozonizers may be supported in position by built up partitions, whichinsure all the air or oxygen supplied to the tank passing through theozonizers. The air o r oxygen which I supply to the tank, by means of apump, circulates through the ozonizers and emerges by the outlet chargedwith ozone, ready to be diffused through the IOO room or building, oremployed for bleaching or other purposes or stored for subsequent use. Imay have also larged closed boxes or tanks containing, instead ofporcelain cylinders, as many couples as required of large double pointbearing plates, of the kind shownl in Fig. 5, and of the plain plateseither enameled or having dielectric plates Vintervening between themand the points. Before being ozonized, the atmospheric air may be passedthrough filtering boxes containing cotton, wool or other suitablematerial so that all solid impurities in suspension are stopped andcannot penetrate intothe ozonizer.

,Other forms of apparatus are constructed as follows:-Fig. 7 shows atransverse section of the pairs of plates, one pointed and the otherplain, suitably connected, with the sheet of glass or other dielectricbetween fixed in position resembling the laths of a Venetian blind.

The distinguishing feature of my invention -electric discharge occursmore rapidly than from a flat, corrugated or undulated surface. I do notconfine myself to the use of points, needles, carding brushes, or otherpointed things such as I have described above. As I can use, especiallyfor the small ozonizers very fine band saws or other equivalents in theshape of very tine metallic wires of any shape convenient for theproduction of ozone. Fine metallic cords stretched upon glass,separating them from a metallic electrode, similar to the stretching ofthe strings of a piano, mounted upon the sounding board,can be used, aswell as any metallic substance which has a sharp edge which can beconsidered as being equivalent to al series of points adjoining eachother and forming a continuous chain on which the electric charge cannotstay and discharges, in a continuous stream, efliuvia, as thesurrounding air, which is in itself a dielectric, .does not offer uponpoints, sharp edges or fine metallic wires the same resistance as onfiat, curved, corrugated or undulating surfaces; hence the flow isrelatively weakened.

Instead of perforated or non-perforated plates, provided with manypoints, nails, dac.,

,or upon which are formed by stamping or otherwise, tongue-shapedprojections from which the eftluvia flows, I also use preferably, assupports, grids or metallic open work on both sides of which areconveniently fixed long metallic bands the edges of which are cut outinto teeth like combs "or saws.

Figs. 8 and 9 show an e'liicientarrangement of the above mentioned kindwhich constitutes an improvement both as regards working, economy andsimplicity of construction. K is a tinned metallic rod, to which areperpendicularlyl fixed metallic bands N whose edges L are stampedintodouble combs, the

points of which are of equal length. K is a metallic rod on which restand are fixed all the metallic rods M which are inclosed in glass tubesand form the second electrode. Enameled metallic rods may be substitutedfor these.

At various places on the glass tubesI wind very tightly, and cement itto the glass, a ne copper wire so as to form a small ring m, or I canfix on these tubes, small thin bands of copper or other metal. Fromthese rings, previously tinned, I allow a short wire to project one ortwo millimeters, formed by twisting the two ends of the wires, aroundthe tube, and I solder to these the points of the opposite comb-likeplates. Fig. 8 shows the comb N between the two glass tubes, eachinclosing the metallic electrode M M, and mmc, m,m, the four rings orbandsjoined to the combs. Fig. 9 shows an ozonizer, in which can beplaced, as many rows of the electrodes shown in Fig. 8 as is desirable.The air or oxygen is introduced at the required rate by means of aninjector, and passes either through a false bottom or along the walls ofthe ozonizer which is preferably long and narrow. Instead of its passagebeing impeded by glass plates or metallic plates either plain orperforated preventing its uniform diffusion between the electrodes andits consequent ozonization, it circulates freely, and the action of theefduvia which arises on the numerous points is rapid and very powerful.

It will be easy to understand the advantages derived from theapplication of this new arrangement in the construction of ozonizers ofevery shape and dimension for the production of ozone on a small as on acommercial scale.v

Having thus described -my invention, I claim- 1. An apparatus for theproduction ofy ozone consisting of a closed chamber having inlet andoutlet passages in combination with a pair of electrodes locatedtherein, one of the same provided with a series of points orprojections, close to, but not touching, the dielectric, a sheet plateor layer of dielectric material-interposed between said electrodes andav source of alternating currents connected to said electrodes,substantially as described.

2. An apparatus for the production of ozone, consisting `of a closedchamber having inlet and outlet passages in combination with a pluralityof pairs of electrodes provided with a series of points or projections,close to, but not touching, the dielectric sheets, plates or` IOC IIO

layers of dielectric material interposed betion with a dielectriclocated between `zuid In testimony whereof I subscribe my sigfacingthepoints of the electrodes, but not nature in presence of two witnesses.

touching the same. EMILE ANDREOLI.

4.-. In an apparatus for the production of Witnesses: 5 ozone',point-bearing e1ectrodes,in combina- M. ANDREOLI,

tion with au enameled plate, located between 18 Someoleyton Rd., S.T/V., London. and facing, but not touching, the electrode S. F.CHAMBERLAIN,

points. U. S. Consulate-General, London.

